Armenia, a landlocked country in Southwestern Asia, finds itself at the crossroads between Europe and Asia. Its unique geographical positioning, nestled between Turkey to the west and Azerbaijan to the east, allows Armenia to be considered part of both Europe and the Middle East, depending on the geopolitical lens through which it is viewed. This nation, with a surface area of 29,743 sq km, of which 28,203 sq km is land and 1,540 sq km is water, shares its borders with Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, and Turkey, totaling 1,570 km in land boundaries.
Geography and Climate
The Armenian landscape is dominated by the highland continental climate characterized by hot summers and cold winters. The terrain is mostly comprised of the Armenian Highland, presenting a variety of mountains, little forest land, and fast-flowing rivers. The fertile soil found in the Aras River valley complements the country’s mountainous terrain, providing excellent conditions for agriculture. Armenia’s elevation varies significantly, with the lowest point at the Debed River (400 m) and the highest at Aragats Lerrnagagat’ (4,090 m).
Natural Resources and Land Use
Despite its size, Armenia boasts small deposits of gold, copper, molybdenum, zinc, and bauxite among its natural resources. The country’s agricultural land accounts for 59.70% of its territory, while forests cover 9.10%. As of 2012 estimates, 2,740 sq km of land was irrigated, supporting the cultivation of various crops and livestock farming.
Population and Urbanization
As estimated in July 2020, Armenia’s population totals approximately 3,021,324 people, with a significant concentration in the northern half of the country. Yerevan, the capital, is the heart of Armenia, housing more than five times the population of Gyumri, the second-largest city. With an urban population rate of 63.30% in 2020, Armenia is increasingly urbanized, reflecting a global trend towards city living.
Demographics and Society
The people of Armenia are known as Armenians, and the official language is Armenian. The major urban area of Armenia is its capital, Yerevan, with an estimated population of 1.086 million in 2020. The distribution of the population indicates a preference for urban living, particularly in and around Yerevan.
Economy and Industry
Armenia’s economy is diverse, encompassing sectors such as brandy production, mining, diamond processing, and food processing among others. The agricultural sector remains vital, producing fruits, vegetables, and livestock. Armenia’s export partners include Russia, Bulgaria, Switzerland, and Germany, with key exports being copper, pig iron, nonferrous metals, and foodstuffs. The nation imports primarily from Russia, China, and Turkey, focusing on natural gas, petroleum, tobacco products, and foodstuffs.
Trade and Infrastructure
In terms of infrastructure, Armenia boasts a 100% electrification rate as of 2016, reflecting significant advancements in ensuring access to electricity for all its residents. The GDP per capita stood at $9,500 in 2017, indicating the economic challenges and potential for growth within the country.
Culture and Heritage
Armenia’s rich cultural heritage is a testament to its historical significance and geographical location. Positioned at the intersection of different civilizations, Armenia has developed a unique identity that blends European and Middle Eastern influences. This, combined with its scenic landscapes and historical monuments, makes Armenia a fascinating country worth exploring.
In conclusion, Armenia is a country with deep historical roots and a complex identity shaped by its geographic position, diverse landscape, and vibrant culture. Despite its small size, Armenia boasts significant natural resources, a strategic location, and a rich cultural heritage that continues to captivate the imagination of people around the world.
Country data
| Country Code | AM |
| Region | Middle East |
| Surface | 29743 sq km |
| Land Surface | 28203 sq km |
| Water Surface | 1540 sq km |
| Agricultural Surface | 59.70% |
| Forest Surface | 9.10% |
| Lowest Elevation Point | Debed River 400 m |
| Highest Elevation Point | Aragats Lerrnagagat’ 4,090 m |
| GDP / capita | $9,500 (2017 est.) |