Geographical Marvels and Climate
Argentina, positioned in Southern South America and bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, is a country of immense geographical diversity. Spanning a total surface area of approximately 2,780,400 sq km, with land accounting for about 2,736,690 sq km and water bodies covering 43,710 sq km, it is the second-largest country in South America. Argentina shares its borders with five countries – Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay, summing up to a land boundary of 11,968 km and benefits from a coastline extending 4,989 km.
The country’s climate predominantly ranges from temperate in the majority of areas to arid in the southeast and subantarctic in the southwest. This variation in climate supports diverse ecosystems across its terrain, which showcases the rich plains of the Pampas in the northern half, a flat to rolling plateau of Patagonia in the south, and the rugged Andes along the western border. Elevations vary significantly, from the lowest point at Laguna del Carbon (-105 m) to the towering Cerro Aconcagua (6,962 m), the highest peak in South America.
Natural Resources and Land Use
Argentina’s fertile lands, especially the Pampas, are central to its agricultural prowess, contributing significantly to the economy. The nation is endowed with natural resources such as lead, zinc, tin, copper, iron ore, manganese, petroleum, uranium, and notably, arable land comprising 53.90% of the country’s area. Forest land covers 10.70%, reflecting efforts towards preserving biodiversity. As of 2012, 23,600 sq km of land was estimated to be irrigated, showcasing the country’s agricultural advancement.
Society and Economy
With an estimated population of 45,479,118 in July 2020, Argentina shows a vivid picture of urbanization, where approximately 92.10% of its population resides in urban areas. Buenos Aires, the capital city, alone harbors a population of over 15 million, illustrating the significant concentration of inhabitants in urban centers. This distribution impacts the social and economic fabric, highlighting pockets of dense population across the northern and central regions while the vast expanse of Patagonia remains less populated.
The Argentine economy is versatile, featuring a mix of agricultural produce such as sunflower seeds, soybeans, grapes, corn, and livestock alongside industries like food processing, textiles, automotive, petrochemicals, and steel manufacturing. The nation’s export partners include Brazil, the US, China, and Chile, with primary exports being soybeans, petroleum, vehicles, and wheat. Import partners feature Brazil, China, and the US, with machinery, motor vehicles, and organic chemicals being major imports. The GDP per capita stood at $20,900 in 2017, indicating a robust yet growing economy.
Agricultural and Industrial Contributions
Argentina’s agrarian sector significantly contributes to both the domestic and global markets, particularly with products like sunflower seeds, lemons, and soybeans. The advancement in industries, ranging from food processing to automotive production, underlines the diversified economic base, preparing Argentina for a stable economic future.
Trade and Infrastructure
Trade relations with Brazil, the US, and China play crucial roles in Argentina’s economic dynamics, affecting everything from the industrial sector’s growth to consumer trends in the market. The complete electrification of its population by 2016 is a testament to Argentina’s commitment to infrastructure development and modernization, facilitating better living standards and bolstering economic activities.
Cultural Landscape and Future Prospects
Argentina’s rich cultural heritage, driven by its diverse population and historical influences, makes it a vibrant nation. Spanish, being the official language, is spoken by the majority, encapsulating the colonial legacy interwoven with indigenous and immigrant cultures. The urbanization trend, especially in Buenos Aires, showcases the dynamic shift towards modern living while retaining traditional values.
The diverse landscape, abundant natural resources, and a striving economy set Argentina on a path towards sustainable development. Balancing urban growth with environmental conservation and optimizing its rich agricultural lands while advancing industrially are vital steps for Argentina’s future prosperity. With a blend of natural beauty, cultural wealth, and economic potential, Argentina stands as a beacon of diversity and richness in South America.
Country data
| Country Code | AR |
| Region | South America |
| Surface | 2780400 sq km |
| Land Surface | 2736690 sq km |
| Water Surface | 43710 sq km |
| Agricultural Surface | 53.90% |
| Forest Surface | 10.70% |
| Lowest Elevation Point | Laguna del Carbon (located between Puerto San Julian and Comandante Luis Piedra Buena in the province of Santa Cruz) -105 m |
| Highest Elevation Point | Cerro Aconcagua (located in the northwestern corner of the province of Mendoza; highest point in South America) 6,962 m |
| GDP / capita | $20,900 (2017 est.) |