Geographic and Demographic Overview
Nestled at the crossroads of Asia, Africa, and Europe, Israel is a country that boasts a rich tapestry of history, culture, and advancement, despite its relatively small size. With a landmass of 21,937 sq km, it sits snugly between Egypt and Lebanon, bordered by the Mediterranean Sea. This strategic location has not only shaped its historical significance but also its geopolitical dynamics. Israel’s terrain is notably diverse, encompassing the sun-baked Negev desert in the south, a low coastal plain, central mountains, and the fertile Jordan Rift Valley. This geographical diversity is mirrored in its climate, which ranges from temperate to hot and dry in its southern and eastern desert regions.
Boundaries and Natural Resources
The nation shares its borders with Egypt, the Gaza Strip, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and the West Bank, outlining a perimeter of 1,065 km in total. Its coastline stretches over 273 km along the Mediterranean. Amidst this varied topography lie valuable natural resources such as timber, potash, copper ore, natural gas, and magnesium bromide, contributing significantly to its economy. Despite the desert covering a good part of the country, Israel has mastered the art of agriculture on its 23.80% agricultural land, thanks to innovative irrigation techniques.
Social and Economic Portrait
With an estimated population of 8,675,475 as of July 2020, Israelis have congregated primarily around urban centers such as Tel Aviv-Yafo, Haifa, and Jerusalem, the capital. The urban population represents a staggering 92.60% of the total populace, highlighting the country’s modernization and development trajectory. The distribution speaks volumes about Israel’s concentrated areas of growth and development, especially around Tel-Aviv and the Sea of Galilee, with the southern regions remaining largely sparse.
Economy and Industrial Might
Israel’s economic narrative is one of remarkable transformation and progress. From agricultural products like citrus and vegetables to a powerhouse of high-tech industries including aviation, communications, medical electronics, and more, the country’s industrial sector is diverse and advanced. Its GDP per capita stood at $36,400 in 2017, a testament to its thriving economy and the high standard of living enjoyed by its citizens. The nation is a significant player in the global market, with major export partners including the US, UK, Hong Kong, China, and Belgium. Conversely, it imports a vast array of goods ranging from raw materials to consumer goods, with the US and China being significant trade partners.
Environmental and Infrastructure Highlights
Israel’s commitment to sustainability and environmental management is evident in its land use, with 7.10% designated as forest land and a noteworthy effort towards the electrification of its entire population by 2016. The infrastructure, particularly in urban areas, supports a dynamic and innovative economy with a focus on sectors like technology, pharmaceuticals, and agriculture. The development of cutting-edge irrigation methods has allowed Israel to turn its desert landscapes into productive farmland, showcasing its resilience and ingenuity.
Cultural and Political Tapestry
At the heart of Israel’s identity is its rich mosaic of cultures, languages, and traditions. Hebrew stands as the official language, serving as a cornerstone of Israeli nationality and culture. The population distribution, heavily influenced by historical movements and geopolitical factors, has created a unique blend of communities and ethnic backgrounds.
Israel’s strategic location and compact size camouflage its outsized influence on the world stage, not only in terms of technological and economic contributions but also through its complex and often contentious political relationships. The country’s history, marked by profound tales of perseverance and conflict, continues to shape its present and future.
Conclusion
In essence, Israel is a nation that defies simple categorization. From its ancient landscapes to its bustling, high-tech cities, it represents a confluence of the past and the future. Through its innovative spirit and dynamic economy, Israel has carved out a significant presence on the global stage, all the while preserving its unique cultural heritage and navigating the challenges of its geopolitical environment.
Country data
| Country Code | IS |
| Region | Middle East |
| Surface | 21937 sq km |
| Land Surface | 21497 sq km |
| Water Surface | 440 sq km |
| Agricultural Surface | 23.80% |
| Forest Surface | 7.10% |
| Lowest Elevation Point | Dead Sea -431 m |
| Highest Elevation Point | Mitspe Shlagim 2,224 m; note – this is the highest named point, the actual highest point is an unnamed dome slightly to the west of Mitspe Shlagim at 2,236 m; both points are on the northeastern border of Israel, along the southern end of the Anti-Lebanon mountain range |
| GDP / capita | $36,400 (2017 est.) |