Introduction to Bahrain
Positioned in the heart of the Middle East, the Kingdom of Bahrain is a unique archipelago located east of Saudi Arabia in the Persian Gulf. Despite its small land area of 760 sq km, Bahrain holds a strategic geographical significance that belies its size. The country charms visitors with its blend of modernity and rich cultural heritage, making it a fascinating nation to explore.
Geography and Climate
Bahrain’s terrain consists mostly of low desert plain, which rises gently to a low central escarpment, with Jabal ad Dukhan standing as the highest point at 135 meters. This mostly flat landscape has contributed to a coastline that stretches for about 161 kilometers, offering breathtaking views and access to the pristine waters of the Persian Gulf. An arid climate characterizes Bahrain, featuring mild, pleasant winters and very hot, humid summers, framing the country’s natural beauty within a distinct atmospheric ambiance.
Natural Resources and Land Use
The kingdom is blessed with valuable natural resources such as oil, associated and nonassociated natural gas, fish, and pearls that have historically played a significant role in its economy. Agricultural land constitutes about 11.30% of the country, with crops such as fruits, vegetables, alongside poultry, dairy products, and seafood being prevalent. Moreover, despite the arid climate, Bahrain has managed to irrigate about 40 sq km of its land as of a 2012 estimation, highlighting its effective use of available resources.
Population and Urbanization
Bahrain’s population was estimated to be around 1,505,003 as of July 2020, making it the smallest of the Gulf States. However, it boasts an urbanization rate exceeding 90%, with the largest concentration of settlements found around Manamah (the capital) and Al Muharraq. This urban populace reflects a vibrant community thriving in the cities, contributing to the dynamic social fabric of Bahrain.
Economy and Industry
The Bahraini economy is diverse, with petroleum processing and refining taking the lead, followed closely by aluminum smelting, iron pelletization, and fertilizer production. Remarkably, Bahrain is also known for its robust financial sector, encompassing Islamic and offshore banking, insurance, alongside ship repairing and tourism industries, demonstrating a successful diversification strategy beyond oil. Agriculture produces fruits, vegetables, poultry, dairy products, shrimp, and fish, whereas the major industrial outputs include petroleum products, aluminum, and textiles. The nation’s export and import partners span globally, reflecting a well-integrated economy into the world market.
International Relations and Trade
Bahrain maintains a dynamic presence in international trade, with the UAE, Saudi Arabia, the US, Oman, China, Qatar, and Japan being its primary export partners. Its key export products are petroleum and petroleum products, along with aluminum and textiles, showcasing the country’s industrial capabilities. On the import side, Bahrain sources crude oil, machinery, and chemicals primarily from China, UAE, US, Australia, and Japan, underlining the global nature of its supply chain and economic dependencies.
Infrastructure and Development
With a total electrification rate of 100% as of 2016, Bahrain exemplifies progress in infrastructure development, ensuring that all its citizens have access to electricity. This achievement is indicative of the broader advancements within the country, geared towards enhancing the quality of life for its residents and bolstering economic growth. Furthermore, a GDP per capita of $49,000 as of 2017 places Bahrain among the higher-income nations globally, reflecting its economic vitality and the prosperity of its populace.
Conclusion
The Kingdom of Bahrain stands as a testament to the harmonious blend of ancient culture and contemporary advancement. From its strategic location in the Persian Gulf to its rich natural resources, dynamic economy, and vibrant urban centers, Bahrain offers a unique perspective on resilience and prosperity within the arid terrain of the Middle East. As the country continues to grow and diversify, its journey represents not just the story of a nation, but a beacon of progress and tradition coexisting in harmony.
Country data
| Country Code | BA |
| Region | Middle East |
| Surface | 760 sq km |
| Land Surface | 760 sq km |
| Water Surface | 0 sq km |
| Agricultural Surface | 11.30% |
| Forest Surface | 0.70% |
| Lowest Elevation Point | n/a |
| Highest Elevation Point | Jabal ad Dukhan 135 m |
| GDP / capita | $49,000 (2017 est.) |