Nestled in the heart of Central Europe, northwest of Romania, Hungary is a country rich in history, culture, and natural beauty. With a surface area of 93,028 sq km, this landlocked nation boasts diverse landscapes ranging from flat to rolling plains, with hills and low mountains along the Slovakian border. Despite lacking a coastline, Hungary compensates with a wealth of natural resources and vibrant urban and rural communities.
Geography and Climate
Surrounded by seven countries—Austria, Croatia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Ukraine—Hungary’s land boundaries total 2,106 km, facilitating a unique cultural crossroads in the region. The country’s terrain is predominantly flat, a characteristic that has historically supported a strong agricultural sector. However, the landscape gently rises towards the Slovakian border, culminating in the highest elevation point at Kekes, which peaks at 1,014 meters above sea level.
The Hungarian climate is temperate, marked by cold, cloudy, humid winters and warm summers, creating an ideal environment for a variety of crops and vegetation. This climate, in conjunction with fertile soils and significant arable land, positions Hungary as a hub for agriculture and food production.
Natural Resources and Agriculture
Boasting a range of natural resources from bauxite and coal to natural gas, Hungary’s economy benefits significantly from its geological diversity. The fertile soils cover 58.90% of the country, underpinning a robust agricultural sector characterized by crops such as wheat, corn, sunflower seed, and potatoes, alongside substantial livestock farming.
In terms of agriculture, Hungary not only meets its domestic needs but also serves as a key exporter in the European market. The country prides itself on a strong tradition of viticulture and winemaking, contributing to its cultural heritage and economic output.
Urbanization and Population
With a total population estimated at 9,771,827 in July 2020, Hungary displays a fairly even distribution across the country, though urban areas, particularly the capital, Budapest, attract denser populations due to economic opportunities and amenities. The urban population accounts for 71.90% of the total, reflecting Hungary’s transition towards urban-centric growth and development.
Economy and Trade
Hungary’s economy is diverse, with industries ranging from mining and metallurgy to food processing, textiles, and pharmaceuticals. The automotive industry also plays a crucial role, with Hungary serving as a manufacturing and export base for several international car companies.
Trade relations are especially strong with European Union partners, notably Germany, which is both the leading export and import partner. Machinery and equipment constitute the largest share of both exports and imports, indicating Hungary’s integral role in the European industrial supply chain.
Exports and Imports
The country’s export profile is diversified, covering machinery and equipment, manufactured goods, food products, and raw materials. Importantly, the agricultural sector contributes significantly to exports, highlighting Hungary’s capacity for high-quality food production.
On the import side, machinery and equipment again lead, followed by other manufactures, fuels, and electricity, pointing to Hungary’s need for energy resources and advanced technology to fuel its industrial sectors.
Culture and Heritage
Beyond economics and geography, Hungary is a treasure trove of cultural heritage, known for its historic architecture, thermal spas, and culinary delights. Hungarian, the official language, is part of the Finno-Ugric language family and is spoken by the majority of the population. The rich cultural tapestry is further embellished by vibrant festivals, music, and art that draw visitors from around the globe.
In conclusion, Hungary offers a fascinating blend of natural beauty, historical richness, and modern dynamism. Its strategic location in Central Europe, combined with a varied climate, fertile lands, and a diverse economy, positions Hungary as a key player on the European stage, bridging East and West with its unique cultural and geographical characteristics.
Country data
| Country Code | HU |
| Region | Europe |
| Surface | 93028 sq km |
| Land Surface | 89608 sq km |
| Water Surface | 3420 sq km |
| Agricultural Surface | 58.90% |
| Forest Surface | 22.50% |
| Lowest Elevation Point | Tisza River 78 m |
| Highest Elevation Point | Kekes 1,014 m |
| GDP / capita | $29,600 (2017 est.) |